A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine

NINTH EDITION

Edited by

Robert O. Bonow, MD

Max and Lilly Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Cardiology

Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine

Director, Center for Cardiac Innovation

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Chicago, Illinois

Douglas L. Mann, MD

Lewin Chair and Professor of Medicine, Cell Biology, and Physiology

Chief, Division of Cardiology

Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Cardiologist-in-Chief

Barnes-Jewish Hospital

Saint Louis, Missouri

Douglas P. Zipes, MD

Distinguished Professor

Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Director Emeritus, Division of Cardiology and the Krannert Institute of Cardiology

Indiana University School of Medicine

Indianapolis, Indiana

Peter Libby, MD

Mallinckrodt Professor of Medicine

Harvard Medical School

Chief, Cardiovascular Division

Brigham and Women's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts