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Chapter 66 – Valvular Heart Disease

Catherine M. Otto,
Robert O. Bonow

  AORTIC VALVE DISEASE, 1468
  Aortic Stenosis, 1468
  Aortic Regurgitation, 1478
  Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease, 1489

  MITRAL VALVE DISEASE, 1490
  Mitral Stenosis, 1490
  Mitral Regurgitation, 1499
  Mitral Valve Prolapse, 1510

  TRICUSPID, PULMONIC, AND MULTIVALVULAR DISEASE, 1514
  Tricuspid Stenosis, 1514
  Tricuspid Regurgitation, 1516
  Pulmonic Valve Disease, 1518
  Multivalvular Disease, 1520

  PROSTHETIC CARDIAC VALVES, 1521
  Mechanical Prostheses, 1521
  Bioprosthetic Valves, 1523
  Selection of an Artificial Valve, 1526

  REFERENCES, 1527
  GUIDELINES, 1530

Valvular heart disease accounts for 10% to 20% of all cardiac surgical procedures in the United States. The primary causes of valve disease are age-associated calcific valve changes and inherited or congenital conditions (e.g., a bicuspid aortic valve or myxomatous mitral valve disease). The prevalence of rheumatic valve disease now is very low in the United States and Europe because of primary prevention of …