The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) first published guidelines for coronary angiography in 1987.^[1] These were updated in 1999, in collaboration with the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions.^[2] Although these guidelines have not been revised since then, recommendations for the use of coronary angiography are included in several more recent practice guidelines, including those for stable angina,^[3] unstable angina and non–ST elevation myocardial infarction,^[4] acute ST elevation myocardial infarction,^[5] noncardiac surgery,^[6,7] heart failure,^[8] and valvular disease.^[9] The text and tables that follow present an amalgam of recommendations from the 1999 ACC/AHA coronary angiography guidelines and from more recent condition-specific guidelines.

Like other ACC/AHA guidelines, these use the standard ACC/AHA classification system for indications:

Class I: conditions for which there is evidence and/or …