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Chapter 13 – Electrocardiography

David M. Mirvis,
Ary L. Goldberger

  FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES, 126
  Genesis of Cardiac Electrical Fields, 126
  Recording Electrodes and Leads, 128
  Electrocardiographic Processing and Display Systems, 131
  Interpreting the Electrocardiogram, 132

  NORMAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, 132
  Atrial Activation and the P Wave, 132
  Atrioventricular Node Conduction and the PR Segment, 134
  Ventricular Activation and the QRS Complex, 134
  Ventricular Recovery and the ST-T Wave, 135
  Normal Variants, 136

  ABNORMAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, 137
  Atrial Abnormalities, 137
  Ventricular Hypertrophy, 139
  Intraventricular Conduction Delays, 143
  Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction, 149
  Drug Effects, 159
  Electrolyte and Metabolic Abnormalities, 159
  Nonspecific QRS and ST-T Changes, 161
  Alternans Patterns, 161

  CLINICAL ISSUES IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION, 162
  Indications for an Electrocardiogram, 162
  Technical Errors and Artifacts, 162
  Reading Competency, 163

  FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, 163
  REFERENCES, 164
  GUIDELINES, 165

The technology …