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LABORATORY INVESTIGATION FOR BLOOD AND TISSUE PARASITES

The blood or tissue parasites are transmitted during vector insect blood feeds and usually continue their life cycle in the human host. The common blood or tissue parasites found belong to the genus of Plasmodium (Table I.2), Trypanosoma (African and South American trypanosomes), Babesia and the Leishmania complex and a few blood spirochaetes.

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Blood parasites can be identified from peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirate, splenic aspirate and gland aspirate, or from tissue biopsy material (Figures I.11–I.14).

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Routine procedures for identification include:
      Direct staining of blood or impression smears
      Concentration methods
      Culture of appropriate sample
      Detection of parasite DNA using PCR[8]
      Immunochromatographic rapid tests for the detection of parasite antigen.[9–11]

Staining of blood films

Giemsa stain

Giemsa stain is a Romanowsky stain and stains chromatin material red and cytoplasm blue. Inclusion bodies within the cell stain red or blue …