Immune cellular mediators of uveitis have been studied extensively in animal models of uveitis, as well as from the peripheral blood, aqueous, and vitreous samples from patients with uveitis.

Macrophages play a significant role in the ocular immune response, serving at least three major functions. These include the direct killing of foreign pathogens and clearing of diseased tissue, the activation of the immune system via antigen presentation, and the secretion of potent inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1 that augment the immune response.^[36]

The T-cell response is thought to be the arm of the immune system primarily responsible for the majority of uveitic syndromes, with CD4+ T-helper (Th) cells being the subset of immune cells most commonly implicated.^[37]The successful use of a humanized monoclonal blocking antibody against T-cell growth factor IL-2 receptor (CD25) in treating uveitis further supported the critical role of T cells in the …