Acute retinal vascular occlusive disorders collectively constitute a major cause of serious visual impairment. Despite the fact that retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) have been known for about almost 150 years,^[1,2] their pathogenesis, clinical features, and particularly their management have been plagued by controversy and misconceptions. RAO and RVO in fact comprise about a dozen separate clinical entities, and there is a voluminous literature on their pathogenesis and management. The following represents an abbreviated discussion of the salient aspects of the pathogenesis and management of these diseases.